We know that wild yam creams containing diosgenin appear to have a ‘estrogenic’ effect on the body, but there is no scientific proof that these creams when applied to the skin (or ingested in tablet or powder form) can be converted by the body into the hormone progesterone.

Why is this so? Well, because the active ingredient [diosgenin] is not bio-identical to the progesterone molecule found in the body, hence these wild yam extract creams cannot do the work of progesterone.

As stated above, bio-identical, natural-to-the-body progesterone is manufactured from diosgenin in a laboratory with the aid of an enzyme.

If you know anything about progesterone you know about the long-running confusion about taking yam cream instead of progesterone. Many have believed that it is a good substitute, but nothing could be further from the truth as yam simply does not convert in the body to progesterone as studies have shown.

However the confusion seems to arise over the procedure used to make bioidentical natural progesterone. The procedure to extract the active ingredients in the Wild Yam extract, which is synthesized with the aid of an enzyme, thus turning it into a hormone. Unlike synthetic estrogen and progestin, synthetic natural progesterone is not a drug and it does not have any side effects associated with it. You can use this product knowing that it is safe.

Scientific studies have shown time and time again that for any natural progesterone cream to really be effective and increase the progesterone levels in your blood stream, there are two important factors. Firstly, a truly effective cream must contain synthetic natural progesterone, not wild yam extract. Secondly, a truly effective cream must contain a minimum of 400mg of natural progesterone per ounce.

This confusion seems to have easily arisen because the synthetic natural progesterone is actually made from the Wild Mexican Yam plant extract. Ah ha! I hear you say. So that is why it is so easy to be confused.

With osteoporosis your bones become fragile and brittle and so are easily broken. As more severe bone loss occurs, then even minor accidents can result in fractures, most frequently in the spine, wrist, hip and pelvis. If the condition becomes advanced, and is untreated, then the vertebrae of the spine are prone to compression fractures, which affect surrounding nerves and organs. This also results in a loss of height for which the old nickname was ‘the dowager’s hump’ as it was frequently seen in the bent over posture of old ladies. It is also accompanied by chronic pain.

Risk Factors
Women are four times more likely than men to develop osteoporosis, and women over 55 are the most susceptible, although younger women can also be at risk depending on certain factors. It has also more recently been seen that more men are being diagnosed with osteoporosis. It is hard to know whether this is because they are now more susceptible because of the increased hormone levels in the water and food chain, or because they have not been diagnosed. As the greatest number of cases are seen in women, many doctors have not thought to link broken bones in men to osteoporosis. A simple scan by ultrasound can diagnose this and if a man is subject to bones breaking more easily then this would be a good check to make.

Knowing your medical history is important as osteoporosis often runs in families, but if this is not the case for you then it is the declining hormone levels as we age that are an important factor in whether or not you develop osteoporosis,. Both oestrogen and progesterone are essential for bone building and production of both these slow down as we get older. Normal bone tissue is broken down by cells called osteoclasts (a process which needs oestrogen) and rebuilt by osteoblasts. (which needs progesterone). As we age, the rate at which the bone is broken down exceeds that at which it is built up and this leads to bone loss.

It can also affect younger women who have had a surgical menopause through having a hysterectomy and also anyone who has undertaken severe dieting or has a history of anorexia or bulimia. There is a severe mineral loss involved in these conditions and during the teens and twenties and this can do permanent damage to the bones.

There are a number of ways to deal with osteoporosis and three of the important ones in the prevention and management of this condition are stress management, diet and exercise. Low levels of exercise can make the condition worse, and there are many good books on nutrition on this subject, but it will certainly be worsened by a diet high in animal protein, too much salt, heavy metal toxicity, cigarettes, numerous pregnancies and prolonged breast feeding.

Being aware of your own risk factors will enable you to take charge of your health and minimise the effect osteoporosis may have on you.

There are any number of reasons why you may be vulnerable for either condition and some may well relate to health problems you might have had in the past like anorexia, but there could also be other factors affecting your bones right now.

The good news is that both osteoporosis and osteopenia can be treated and your bone strength can be improved by both slowing the breakdown of old bone and, at the same time, building up new strong bone.

There are three important things that you have to consider if you want to improve your bones. These are:-

1 – Taking supplements to make sure that your bones have the correct nutrients in the right balance to build strong new bone.
2 – Regularly taking weight bearing exercise
3 – Checking that your oestrogen/progesterone hormone balance is favourable for the building up of new bone

Supplements:

It used to be thought that we only needed calcium and vitamins D, C and K to build our bones, but this is not true as many nutrients are needed. Yes, we do need calcium but it must be combined with an equal amount of magnesium so that the calcium can be properly used by the bones. If there is too much calcium to magnesium in your diet then it can be deposited in your joints and arteries which you certainly want to avoid . Boron, zinc and silica in small amounts will help to build strong bone as well as the benefits from the Omega 3 Fatty acids.

Rather than taking all these separately there are a number of supplements that have these already combined for you on the market that will contain most of the items here but you will need to take the vitamin C and the Omega 3 separately. It is a good idea to consult a nutritionist so you can have an individual programme designed for you.

Weight-bearing exercise:
There are many options for this, but any exercise that puts impact through your bones is effective. Whatever you choose to do, make sure it is something you enjoy so that you will regularly keep it up. You can go to the gym, play tennis, dance, skip, walk briskly gym or try something different like tai chi or yoga. Another benefit of exercise if you are vulnerable to osteoporosis is that it keeps you supple and so you are less likely to fall and risk breaking a bone.

Hormone balance:
It is a fallacy to believe that it is only oestrogen that is needed for healthy bones. In reality all oestrogen can do is slow bone breakdown, and it certainly cannot help build up new strong bone. HRT is often suggested to help with osteoporosis, but the problem here is that the oestrogen will slow down bone breakdown, but he bone only stays there while you take the oestrogen in the HRT. When you stop, then you lose all the retained bone and a further problem is that even if you keep taking oestrogen over time, this retained bone becomes old and brittle.

The only hormone that helps to build up new strong bone is progesterone, and that is not to be confused with the chemical progestogen found in the contraceptive pill and HRT.

Drugs for osteoporosis:
There are certain drugs such as Fosamex that slow bone breakdown, and these can be useful if you have severe osteoporosis, but the problem is the same as with oestrogen. They only have an effect while you take them and this is reversed when you stop. Also the retained bone becomes old and brittle.

There are other osteoporosis drugs that contain strontium, but there is considerable debate about its benefits, either as a medication or a supplement. It makes the bones appear denser on x-rays but this does not necessarily mean they are stronger. It does this because it is a chemical that has a higher atomic weight than calcium and shows up more densely on x-rays.

Last word:
The most important thing to remember if you are diagnosed with either osteopenia or osteoporosis is that there is no need to panic. New strong bone can be built up and your bones can be improved. It is not just a case of preventing the condition from worsening, but taking positive action to ensure the best possible conditions for building new, strong and healthy bone.

This research has emerged because of the increase seen in traumatic brain injury among combat casualties in Iraq and Afghanistan. It is estimated that as many as 30 percent of wounded soldiers have suffered such injury and it has stimulated government interest in developing a safe and effective treatment for this complex disorder.

It seems there is growing evidence to indicate that administering progesterone after such injuries can have beneficial effects, including substantial and sustained improvements in brain function. This applies equally to men and women, as progesterone can cross the blood-brain barrier and reduce the level of swelling after a brain injury, it also significantly reduces the area of necrotic cell death and improves behavioural outcomes.

Natural progesterone was recently tested in two clinical trials for traumatic brain injury and will begin a phase 3 trial soon. The researchers concluded that given its relatively high safety profile, ease of administration, low cost and ready availability, then progesterone should be considered a viable treatment option, particularly as there is little other treatment available to brain injury patients.